小栗上野介の顕彰(東善寺HP) ●● お首級(くび)迎え/『海軍の先駆者ー小栗上野介正伝』の錯誤 Honoring Kozukenosuke Oguri (Tozenji Temple) ●● Welcoming Lord's Head / Errors in the book "Pioneer of the Navy: The Authentic Biography of Kozukenosuke Oguri" |
小栗上野介父子の首級・顕彰活動 ■お殿様のお首級(おくび)迎え 館林で岩倉具定の首実検のあと寺院境内に埋められた小栗上野介父子の首級は、 明治二年春に権田村の農民が盗掘して取り返し、上野介の首級は東善寺へ運んで胴体と 一緒にした(又一の首級については後述)。 関係した村人はひそかにこれを「お首級迎え」と言った。 関連して ■普門院住職阿部道山著『小栗上野介正傳』の錯誤 *明治5年までの和暦の年月日は漢数字で表す。 Honoring Kozukenosuke Oguri The heads of Kozukenosuke Oguri and his son were buried in the precincts
of a temple in Tatebayashi (in today's Gunma Prefecture) after they were
examined by Tomosada Iwakura. In the spring of 1869, farmers of Gonda Village
stole the heads from the temple, carried Kozukenosuke's head to Tozenji
Temple in Gonda Village and put it together with his body (his son's head
will be described later). The villagers involved called it secretly, "Welcoming
the Lord's Head." *Dates in the Japanese calendar up to the 5th year of Meiji era expressed
in Chinese numerals. |
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お首級(くび)は館林へ送られる Oguri's head was sent to Tatebayashi ◇慶応四年閏四月六日〈1868年5月27日〉朝、小栗上野介は家臣3名とともに烏川の水沼河原で、東山道総督府の西軍によって斬首された。斬首された主従の首は青竹に刺して道端の土手の上にさらされ、「朝廷に対し大逆を企て…」という無実の罪状を書いた高札が建てられた。 - In the morning of May 27, 1868 (leap April 6, Keio 4 in Japanese calender),
Kozukenosuke Oguri and three of his vassals were beheaded by the western
forces of the Tosando Province Governor-General at Mizunuma River Bank
on the Karasugawa River. The heads were pierced with green bamboo and exposed on a roadside bank
with a sign reading, "Plotting high treason against the Imperial Court…,"
erected beside, which was a completely false claim. - The temporarily exposed head of Kozukenosuke Oguri was immediately sent to Takasaki. On the following day of May 28, 1868, it was delivered to the Governor-General of Tosando Province in Tatebayashi, together with the head of his adopted son Mataichi Oguri (Kainokami Komai's second son Tadamichi, age 21), who had been beheaded along with three of his retainers in Takasaki Castle on the day. This is supported by a "notification" from the Takasaki clan in the "Dajokan Nisshi (Diary of the Grand Council of State), No. 25" (issued by Governor-General's Office of the Western Forces on May, Keio 4), which states, "Oguri Kozukenosuke, his son and weapons are to be escorted to the Governor-General's Office." - On May 30, 1868 (leap April 9, Meiji 1 in Japanese calender), the heads
were examined by Tomosada Iwakura, Governor of Tosando Province, in Tatebayashi
Castle, and was temporarily handed over to Taian-ji Temple (now closed).
However, since Taian-ji Temple was the ancestral tablet temple of Akimoto, the lord of the Tatebayashi Castle, and did not have a cemetery, the priest was in trouble and asked Myozan Okuda, the priest of Horin-ji Temple, with whom he was close, to bury them in the cemetery west of the main hall of Horin-ji Temple. |
![]() ▲法輪寺・館林市朝日町 Horinji Temple, Asahi-cho, Tatebayashi City |
◇中島三左衛門 1869明治二年春、小栗道子夫人護衛隊長として会津へ行き、夫人らを会津~東京~静岡まで送り届けて権田村へ戻った。殿様の首がないままなのを憂えて、こんどは村人の塚越房吉とともに館林へ出かけてゆく。かつて冗談交じりに小栗公が Welcoming the Lord's Head - Stealing Heads The "Tatebayashi City Chronicle: History Edition" (published in 1969) details the theft of the heads of Kozukenosuke Oguri and his son from the precincts of Horinji Temple in 1869 (Meiji 2), and the investigation of Chushichi Watanabe of Tatebayashi, who was involved in the theft. The 42nd issue of the Kozukenosuke Oguri Memorial Society's journal, "Tatsunami," lists the names of the people who assisted two Gonda villagers in the head theft in Tatebayashi. The 49th issue contains a record of a convoy of Takasaki, Annaka, and Yoshii clan fighters who left Takasaki on April 8, delivered the heads to the Governor-General's Office in Tatebayashi before returning to Takasaki on the 12th, along with the names of the Takasaki clan fighters. - Sanzaemon Nakajima In the spring of 1869 (Meiji 2), Sanzaemon Nakajima went to Aizu as the leader of a convoy for Mrs. Michiko Oguri and her family, and returned to Gonda Village after escorting them to Aizu, Tokyo, and
Shizuoka. Then, he worried that the head of the feudal lord Oguri was missing
his body, so he and Fusakichi Tsukagoshi, a Gonda villager, went to Tatebayashi.
Lord Oguri once jokingly said, "I may be killed someday like Naosuke
Ii Tairo (Highest position that assisted the Shogun), but even if I die,
I would like to keep my head and body together. - Sobei Hitomi Sanzaemon Nakajima obtained the cooperation of Sobei Hitomi, the head of Takahashi Village (today’s Takahashi-machi, Sano City, Tochigi Prefecture), the former domain of the Oguri family, and his uncle, Chushichi Watanabe of Hosonai (today's part of Tatebayashi City, Gunma Prefecture). The two men went to Horinji Temple, told the priest, "The first anniversary of the lord's death is coming up, so we want to build a grave," and found out where the head was buried. After failing once to steal it, they succeeded a second time and brought it back to Gonda Village, where it was worshipped by a very few villagers and buried in a grave where Oguri's body was buried on the hill behind Tozenji Temple. The head of Mataichi Oguri was given to Tonazo Taguchi, the village headman of Shimosaida Village (in today's Takasaki City), a former domain of the Oguri family, who had previously taken possession of Mataichi's body, and was buried along with the body in the Shimosaida Village cemetery. The heads of the father and son were pickled in shochu. 以上3点の関連する古文書を掲載した。 - Chushichi Watanabe According to "Tatebayashi City Magazine, History" (1969), Chushichi Watanabe was arrested by the Tatebayashi clan for helping to steal Oguri's head, but was released after writing an "answer (explanation)."I introduced the following three related ancient documents in Kozukenosuke Oguri Memorial Society's journal "Tatsunami" No. 42: (1) Chushichi's written answer: The full text of Chushichi's written explanation after being interrogated by the Tatebayashi clan is included, which states, for example, "Two villagers from Gonda came to me wanting to build a grave." (2) A painstaking letter written by Chushichi's son, Kakusaburo: It says that after the burglary, two villagers of Gonda were given "one sender" to carry it away. In Gonda village, it is said that "Masagoro Inaoka of Takahashi Village, who also helped with the digging, accompanied the villagers to Gonda" ("Jomo and Jomojin" No. 70), so the "one sender" was probably Inaoka. (For details, see "Kozukenosuke Oguri" published by Miyama Bunko.) (3) Story of Kozukenosuke Oguri The villagers of Gonda, who were involved in the theft, have secretly passed this incident down to the next generations as the "Welcoming Lord's Head" incident. ◇小栗国子 中島らの「お首級迎え」の行動は、小栗道子夫人や母堂邦子らを守って会津へ逃れ、会津戦争さなかに生まれた遺児国子も護って、会津戦争後の明治二年そうそうに、会津から東京~静岡まで送り届けて帰郷したあと、こんどは館林へ出かけて行なった壮烈な行動であった。 - Kuniko Oguri Nakajima and his group's "Welcoming the Lord's Head" was an act of righteousness. They protected Mrs. Michiko Oguri, her mother in law Kuniko and others from Gonda to Aizu and, in 1869 (Meiji 2) after the Aizu War, escorted them including Oguri's only child, Kuniko, born during the war (this "Kuniko" has different Kanji characters from those of "Kuniko," Oguri's mother) to Tokyo and Shizuoka. Then, Nakajima and his group returned to Gonda, and went to Tatebayashi to perform the act of welcoming the Lord's Head. Oguri's daughter Kuniko later left Shizuoka for Tokyo with her mother Michiko
and they were taken into the custody of Rizaemon Minomura. After Minomura died, Kuniko
came of age under the protection of Shigenobu Okuma and his wife, and with
the help of Hisoka Maejima she took Sadao Yano (younger brother of writer
Ryukei Yano) in marriage and they took over the Oguri family. |
小栗上野介の首級を埋めた本墓(東善寺) 小栗上野介父子主従の供養墓より3分ほど上った寺山にあり The main grave where the head of Kozukenosuke Oguri is buried (Tozenji Temple) It is located 3 minutes walk up the mountain from the memorial graves of Kozukenosuke Oguri, his son and the retainers in the precinct of Tozenji. |
あちこちで「首はここに・・・」 ◇供養 村人は明治新政府の管理下にあるものを盗んできたわけだから、やたら口外せず関係した親から子、子から孫にのみ言い伝えて供養を続けてきた。私(住職村上泰賢)が子供のころ、毎年4月6日になると「お殿様のご命日だからこれをお供えして…」と、塚越太源治(石塔を作った塚越源忠の孫・権田字押平おしんたいら住)が重箱に赤飯をつめて、お参りにきた。 Since the villagers had stolen the heads under the control of the new Meiji government, they did not talk about them, but only told the children and grandchildren of those involved and continued to hold memorial service for Oguri. When I (Taiken Murakami) was a child, every April 6, Tagenji Tsukagoshi (grandson of Genchu Tsukagoshi, the builder of the stone pagodas) of Oshintaira area of Gonda Village, would come to the temple with a stacked box filled with festive red rice, saying, "This is the anniversary of the lord Oguri's death, so I'd like to make an offering." In the late 1950s, Tagenji confided one secret story to Shoken Murakami, the chief priest at the time, saying, "My grandfather and parents were very strict about not telling others about it, but I think it's safe now." According to Tagenji, Genchu Tsukagoshi later told the following story about the time when he, Sanzaemon Nakajima and Fusakichi Tsukagoshi buried the stolen head in Oguri's grave at Tozenji Temple. "When we dug up the body mound, we found the wooden head that had been attached to the body tilted up to the shoulder. We took it out and put the real head on, and cried out, 'I am sorry for your loss, but I hope you can rest in peace now.'" Later, my predecessor Shoken Murakami said, "Tagenji is a very solid person." He was deeply moved by the fact that Tagenji had finally opened his mouth nearly 20 years after WWII. ◇首塚‐普門院説 昭和のはじめ、「水沼河原にさらされた首を家来(小姓・武笠銀介16歳)が盗んできてここに埋めた」と称して喧伝し、 - Kubizuka of Fumon-in Temple Theory (Kubizuka = a burial mound for a head) In the early Showa period (1926-1989), Dozan Abe, the chief priest of Fumon-in Temple in Saitama Prefecture, built a "kubizuka" in 1934, claiming that "Kozukenosuke Oguri's retainer (Ginsuke Mukasa) had stolen Oguri's head from the Mizunuma Riverbank and buried it here." In 1941, Abe wrote a book titeled "Pioneer of the Navy: Oguri Kozukenosuke Seiden (The Authentic Biography of Kozukenosuke Oguri)" and publicized it extensively before the war. Shimosaida Village Theory: There is a theory that people from Shimosaida village (Takasaki City, Gunma Prefecture) stole the head from the temple in Tatebayashi. ◇「太政官日誌」 これらの説でいずれも共通するのは、「水沼河原からさらし首になっているのを盗んできた」と言っていたことだ。ところが1937昭和12年に館林市の福田啓介図書館長によって明治政府軍の公式文書 - Dajokan Nisshi (Diary of Grand Council of State) What these theories have in common is that they originally said that they had stolen the exposed heads from Mizunuma River Bank. However, in 1937, Keisuke Fukuda, Tatebayashi City Library Director, confirmed that the "Dajokan Nisshi, No. 25" stated that "the heads of Kozukenosuke Oguri and his son were sent to the Governor-General's Office (in Tatebayashi at that time) by the Takasaki clan (Website, "Dajokan Nisshi," 1868 Keio 4, No. 25, full text)". As a result, it became recognized that neither the Fumon-in theory nor the Shimosaida theory made sense. 時系列でまとめると ・July 2013 (Hesei 25): A reprint of Dozan Abe's book
"Oguri Kozukenosuke Shoden (The Authentic Biography of Kozukenosuke
Oguri)” was published by Matsuno Shoten in Yamaguchi Prefecture, with an
introduction by Taiken Murakami. ・In 2013 (Hesei 25): The Fumon-in Temple pamphlet
changed the statement to "stolen from Tatebayashi." No further
details were given.
・2017平成29年 小栗顕彰会機関誌『たつなみ』42号で権田村農民の首級盗掘に協力した館林の人物渡辺忠七の答書を掲載。 ・In 2017 (Heisei 27): The Kozukenosuke Oguri Memorial Society's
journal, "Tatsunami," issue 42, published a written response from Chushichi Watanabe, a Tatebayashi resident who
assisted the Gonda Village farmers in the theft of the head. ・In 2024 (Reiwa 6): The Kozukenosuke Oguri Memorial
Society's journal, "Tatsunami," issue 49, introduced a record of the
"convoy of Takasaki samurai carrying the heads that departed to
Tatebayashi on the 8th and returned to Takasaki on the 12th,"
along with the names of the samurai (according to Shigeru Nakamura of the
Takasaki Historical Materials Research Association). ・As of 2025 (Reiwa 7): The Fumon-in Temple website
states, "The graves of Kozukenosuke Oguri and other members of the Oguri
family are located here," and "Ginnosuke Mukasa carried his master Kozukenosuke's head in his arms and delivered
it to Fumon-in the next day." It does not state where it was stolen from. Another
theory that aligns with the Fumon-in theory is that "before carrying it to
Tatebayashi, the hair was cut in Takasaki and delivered to a certain temple
(Fumon-in)... so it is not a head grave, but a hair grave" (Masao Kono,
Saitama City, "Secret Stories about Kozukenosuke Oguri," 2003 or
Heisei 15). いずれも語る人や時代で内容がいくらも変わるご都合主義で一貫性に欠け、単独行動で裏付ける史料や具体的な伝承がないこと。また関係者といわれる人の子孫に具体的な語り伝えや、供養継承の行動がないことが共通している。とても「首級埋葬地については諸説がある」などと紹介できる根拠・論理のあるまともな話ではない。 Both theories are opportunistic and inconsistent,
with the content varying depending on the informant and the era. They lack
historical documents or specific traditions to support their actions
independently. They also share the lack of specific stories or actions by the
descendants of those allegedly involved to pass on the deceased's memorial
service. These are not sound stories with any basis or logic that can be
presented as "there are various theories about the head burial site." The trigger for the grave robbery: Considering
Kozukenosuke Oguri's words, "Even after death, I want the head and body to
be together," which were the trigger for the "head-receiving"
ceremony by the Gonda villagers mentioned above, it is clear that the page
Ginsuke Mukasa must have known about it, given
that the villagers remembered it. If Ginsuke Mukasa
did take it, it would be a mysterious and completely opposite action to his
lord's wishes, leaving one to wonder, "What purpose did he take it for?"
*Recently, the internet has been circulating
information that claims "Kozukenosuke Oguri's family temple is
Fumon-in," but this is a mistaken and irresponsible piece of information
created by AI. This is an example of why you should not trust only what you
find on the internet. If Fumonin's theory that "Ginsuke Mukasa brought it with him" is accepted, Sanzaemon Nakajima, the peasant representative of Gonda village, and his fellow villagers would fear and resent that their painstaking efforts and history of their deeds, including the following, will be rendered nonexistent:
【参考】 [Reference]
■ Jingi Heison Monument (Monument for the preservation of humanity and justice): This monument commemorates the villagers who escorted Mrs. Michiko Oguri
and others on their escape to Aizu, and those involved in the capture of the
heads of Kozukenosuke Oguri and his adopted son, Mataichi, in Tatebayashi after returning from the escort to Gonda village. The name of
Sanzaemon Honda (Nakajima) is listed first on the monument. (Tōzenji Temple
grounds)
◇高崎藩士島田弥七郎の日記「座右記」(小栗上野介顕彰会『たつなみ』49号所載・2024令和6年9月)で高崎藩の首級搬送隊・人名と行動が判明 ◇ Takasaki Domain's samurai Yashichiro Shimada's diary, "Zayuki" The 49th issue of the Kozukenosuke Oguri Memorial Society's journal, "Tatsunami," September 2024 or Reiwa 6 revealed the names of the Takasaki Domain's head transport squad members and their actions. Shigeru Nakamura of the Takasaki Historical Materials Research Association discovered that, in the diary "Zazuki" of Yashichiro Shimada, a mid-level samurai of Takasaki Domain, there were records of the clan's involvement in the dispatch and replacement of clan members to Gonda Village, and Nakamura reported, "The head transport team left Takasaki on the 8th of intercalary April, traveled between Takasaki and Tatebayashi for a total of four nights and five days, and reported their return to the domain on the 12th," naming specific people.
◇史実と作られた伝承の違い 恩義ある人の首を運んでこっそり埋めた場合、他人に口外しなくても子孫にだけは供養を絶やさないよう固く言い伝えるのが、運んで埋めた人の誠意であろう。お赤飯を供え続けた太源治の行動(上述)はまさにその姿である。史実と作られた伝承の違いがここに見えてくる。 ◇ The difference between historical fact and fabricated folklore If someone carries and secretly buries the head of a person to whom he is indebted, it would be in good faith for the person who carried and buried the head to firmly tell his descendants to continue to make offerings, even if he does not tell others. This is exactly what Togenji Tsukagoshi did when he continued to offer festive red rice to Oguri's grave (above-mentioned). Here we can see the difference between historical fact and fabricated folklore. 〈「歴史読本」平成8年11月号・村上泰賢「小栗様のお首級迎え」より抄出・加筆〉 (Extracted from and added to "Rekishi Dokuhon," |
上記のようなてんまつで小栗父子の首級は無事に胴体のもとに埋葬されたわけだが、その史実に反することが記載されている阿部道山著『海軍の先駆者-小栗上野介正傅』が1941(昭和16)年に刊行され、現在でも一部でそれを信じて書かれた文章を散見する。そこで、以下に史実との不整合をまとめます。 As described above, the heads of Kozukenosuke Oguri and his son were safely buried together with their bodies. However, in 1941, "Pioneer of the Navy: Oguri Kozukenosuke Seiden (The Authentic Biography of Kozukenosuke Oguri" was published, which contained statements that were contrary to historical facts. Even today, we sometimes see texts written believing them. Therefore, I have summarized below the parts of the book that are inconsistent with historical facts. |
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1941昭和16年発行 阿部道山著『海軍の先駆者―小栗上野介正傳』 『海軍の先駆者―小栗上野介正傳』の錯誤 について Errors in the book, "Pioneer of the Navy: Kozukenosuke Oguri Seiden (authentic biography)" Published in 1941 and written by Dozan Abe |
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この本は、小栗上野介を逆賊視する明治以来の風潮が色濃く残る昭和16年に、「海軍の先覚者」としての小栗忠順の業績を確認し顕彰しようと普門院住職阿部道山師が発刊されたもの。先学の関連書籍をよく渉猟吟味し縦横に加減調和した力作で、当時としては小栗忠順に関する画期的かつ明治政府が殺害後に逆賊視してその業績を抹殺してきた人物を顕彰する勇気ある出版であったといえよう。 しかし、遺憾ながら本書には根本的事項に 「小栗家の菩提寺が普門院」、あるいは 「小栗上野介の首級を普門院に埋葬」 など、珠にキズとも言うべき誤謬錯誤が見られて価値を減殺し、さらに錯誤を補強するためか 「権田村及び東善寺に対する誹謗中傷」 によって、相対的に普門院のイメージ向上を図ろうとしている部分が見られるのは残念なことといわれる。 本書の錯誤に基づいて書かれたと思われる記事やホームページを現在も散見するので、以下に錯誤の部分を指摘しておく。小栗忠順の首級埋葬について発表するときは参考にしていただきたい。 以下の文責は村上泰賢 This book was published in 1941 and written by Dozan Abe, the chief priest at the time of Fumon-in Temple, Saitama Prefecture, to recognize and honor the achievements of Kozukenosuke Tadamasa Oguri as a "pioneer of the navy," when the tendency to regard Kozukenosuke Oguri as a traitor remained strong since the Meiji period. The book is a powerful work, a result of careful research and examination of related books by previous scholars, and is a landmark at the time, and a courageous publication that honors a man whose achievements had been considered treasonous by the Meiji government and had been erased from the public consciousness. Regrettably, however, the book contains fundamental errors which diminish the value of the book, such as: "The family temple of the Oguri family is Fumon-in Temple." "Kozukenosuke Oguri's head is buried at Fumon-in Temple." Furthermore, perhaps to reinforce the illusion, some parts of the book attempt to improve the relative image of Fumon-in by writing "Slanderous statements against Gonda Village and Tozenji Temple." That is unfortunate. Since we still find articles and websites that seem to have been written based on the errors in this book, we point out some of the errors below. I hope you will refer to them when presenting your work on the burial of Kozukenosuke Tadamasa Oguri's head. (The responsibility for the following text lies with Taiken Murakami.) |
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復刻『小栗上野介正傳』 が刊行されました 山口県マツノ書店 2013平成25年7月・販売終了 Reprint of "Kozukenosuke Oguri Seiden (authentic biography)" has been published Matsuno Shoten, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan - The sale ended in July, 2013. ![]() 本書がマツノ書店から限定300部の予約印刷で復刻刊行され、依頼があって村上泰賢が「解説」を書いた。 This book was reprinted and published by Matsuno Shoten in a limited edition of 300 pre-printed copies, and Taiken Murakami wrote the "Commentary" upon request. |
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阿部道山著「小栗上野介正傳」復刻版の解説で 以下のような本書の錯誤(●と青文字で引用)を指摘しておきました。 *文中のページは復刻版のページを示す In the commentary of the reprinted edition of "The Authentic Biography of Kozukenosuke Oguri" by Dozan Abe, I pointed out the following errors in this book (quoted in ● “red circle” and blue letters). *Pages in the text indicate pages of the reprinted edition. |
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●小栗上野介家の菩提寺 Family temple of the Kozukenosuke Oguri family ・文中約20ヶ所に「小栗家の菩提寺(あるいは菩提所)の普門院」 とある。 普門院には小栗家四代目小栗忠政の墓はあるが(*小栗上野介忠順は十二代目)、その他にたくさんある「小栗○○の墓」は忠政の二男で分家した小栗仁右衛門信由家の累代の墓である。 小栗家本家の菩提寺は、『寛政重修諸家譜』に五代目小栗政信以降について「保善寺を葬地とす」とある通り、明治初年までは曹洞宗保善寺(中野区・もと牛込にあった)である。 In about 20 places in the book, there are references to "Fumon-in is the family temple of the Oguri family." In Fumon-in Temple, there is the grave of Tadamasa Oguri, the fourth generation of the Oguri family (*Kozukenosuke Tadamasa Oguri was the twelfth generation of the Oguri family. The kanji characters for "Tadamasa" are different between the fourth and twelfth generations). However, all the other "Tombs of Oguri XX" at Fumon-in Temple are the graves of the successive generations of the Niemon Nobuyoshi Oguri family, who was the second son of Tadamasa Oguri (the second generation) and was a collateral family. The family temple of the Oguri family is Hozenji Temple (Nakano Ward, formerly Ushigome Ward, Tokyo), a Soto sect temple, as stated in the "Kansei-Choshu-Shokafu" as "Hozenji Temple is the place of burial" for Masanobu Oguri (the fifth generation of the family) and later generations. (Note: "Kansei-Choshu-Shokafu" is a collection of family histories of feudal lords and hatamoto compiled by the Edo shogunate during the Kansei era.). ![]() ▲普門院門頭の「小栗忠政一族の墓」標柱 The Station Pole at the entrance of Fumon-in Temple: "Graves of Tadamasa (the fourth generation) Oguri family" 明治以降小栗家本家は神葬祭に移ったので保善寺から離れ、雑司ヶ谷霊園に墓地を設けている。 江戸から遠い東善寺は五代目小栗政信を中興開基とするゆかりはあるが「小栗家の菩提寺」ではない。たまたま当地で斬首された小栗上野介主従を埋葬したので「小栗上野介父子主従の菩提寺」となった。 After the Meiji era (1868-1912), the head family of Oguri families adopted Shinto funeral service, so they moved away from Hozenji Temple and established a cemetery in Zoshigaya Cemetery. Tozenji Temple, which is far from Edo, is not a "family temple of the Oguri family," although it is associated with the fifth generation Masanobu Oguri as the founder of the temple. It happened to be the family temple of Kozukenosuke Oguri and his son, who were beheaded in this area and buried at the temple. ●小栗家系図の省略 Partial Omission in the Oguri Family Tree 小栗上野介家家系図 P22 文中22ページには小栗上野介家の家系図として 初代松平太郎左衛門信吉 二代松平忠吉 三代小栗吉忠 四代小栗忠政 普門院ニ葬ル …と四代目までが掲載されているが、保善寺に葬られた五代目小栗政信以降が記載されず省略されている。 阿部師はこの記述は「寛政重修諸家譜に依る」と書いているから、『寛政重修諸家譜』に ・五代目小栗政信以降について「保善寺(元牛込、いま中野区)ヲ葬地トス」 とあるのを承知の上で、記載を省略してしまったことになる。その理由は何か。 本書の文中随所約20ヶ所に「(普門院は)小栗家の菩提寺」と書き、それに対応してこのページの系図で四代忠政の説明に「普門院に葬る」と書いて五代目政信以降を省略すれば、ふつうの読者は『寛政重修諸家譜』で確認などしないから、五代目以降もとうぜん普門院に葬られているものと錯覚する。史料の恣意的選択によって「普門院は小栗上野介家の菩提寺」と錯覚されることを意図した省略と見られても仕方あるまい、と古老はいう。 On page 22 of the book, the family tree of the Kozukenosuke Oguri family is shown up to the following four generations: 1st generation - Tarozaemon Nobuyoshi Matsudaira 2nd generation - Tadayoshi Matsudaira 3rd generation - Yoshitada Oguri 4th generation - Tadamasa Oguri ... buried in Fumon-in temple However, 5th generation Masanobu Oguri, who was buried at Hozenji Temple, and subsequent generations are not listed. Dozan Abe wrote that this description was based on "Kansei-Choshu-Shokafu." If that is the case, it means that he was aware that the "Kansei-Choshu-Shokafu" mentions "Hozenji Temple (formerly in Ushigome Ward, now in Nakano Ward) as the place of burial" for Masanobu Oguri 5th generation and later generations, but he omitted this information in this book. What is the reason for this omission? "Fumon-in is the family temple of the Oguri family" is written in about 20 places throughout the book, and in the genealogy on this page, "buried in Fumon-in" is written in the explanation of Tadamasa IV, omitting Masanobu Oguri 5th generation and after, which gives an illusion that the fifth generation and after were buried in Fumon-in, since general readers would not check in "Kansei-Choshu-Shokafu." It may be seen as an omission intended to create the illusion that "Fumon-in is the family temple of the Kozukenosuke Oguri family" through arbitrary selection of historical documents. ●小栗上野介父子首級の埋葬場所、はじめは館林だった Burial place of Kozukenosuke Oguri's head was in Tatebayashi at first. ・「小栗上野介の首級は家来武笠銀介が水沼河原にさらされていた首級を盗んで普門院に運び、墓地に埋葬した」P6、162、185、360、363 としているが、ところが史実は次の通り。 武笠銀介は養子小栗又一忠道に従って高崎へ行き、閏四月六日小栗忠順主従が斬首された翌七日に城内で家臣3名とともに武笠銀介も斬首されるところを、若年(16歳)をもって、小者役で随従した権田村農民3名とともに赦免され、そのまま江戸の父武笠祐左衛門に小栗父子主従の急を知らせている。もし普門院説のように武笠銀介が赦された7日に高崎から1日かけて水沼河原へ戻ったとしても、首級は斬首した六日に高崎藩が高崎城内へ運んだ後だから、翌日に斬首を免れたばかりの銀介が介入できる余地はない。 検証 1 『太政官日誌』 1937昭和12年、館林の福田啓介図書館長が明治新政府軍の公式記録『太政官日誌』に「高崎藩からの届書」…「小栗父子の首級は首実検のため東山道軍総督府(館林に移っていた)へ送りました」・・・という記載を発見し、普門院説はこの記述で破綻、完全に否定される。 Verification 1: “Dajokan Nisshi (Diary of the Grand Council of State)" In 1937 (Showa 12), Keisuke Fukuda, the director of the library in Tatebayashi, discovered an entry in the "Dajokan Nisshi (Diary of the Grand Council of State)" that states, "The heads of the Kozukenosuke Oguri and his son were sent to the Governor-General (Tatebayashi) for examination," which completely disproved the Fumon-in theory. ![]() ▲『太政官日誌』…「…上野介父子首級并武器類ハ総督府へ護送仕候…」 このころ東山道鎮撫総督府は館林に移っていた。 (HP「太政官日誌」慶応4年25号フルテキスト) Dajokan Nisshi (Diary of the Grand Council of State): "The heads of Kozukenosuke and his son and their weapons are to be escorted to the Governor-General's Office." The Governor-General's Office of the Tosando Province had been moved to Tatebayashi at this time. ("Dajokan Nisshi," Keio 4, No. 25, full text) 検証 2 高崎藩士『島田弥七郎日記』 ・中村茂氏(高崎市史編纂専門委員)提供2023令和5年9月 ◆高崎藩士「島田弥七郎日記」には小栗父子の首級について次のように記載されている。 - For example, on New Year's Day in 1939 (Showa 14), Mrs. Kikuko, widow of Mataichi Oguri (grandson of Kozeukenosuke Tadamasa Oguri), wrote the following on a New Year's postcard addressed to Teizaburo Ichikawa (who later became the principal of Gonda Elementary School) of Gonda Village: Postcard, New Year's Day, 1939, To Mr. Teizaburo Ichikawa, From Kikuko Oguri and Tadato Oguri (Itabashi-machi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo) Happy New Year! New Year's Day, Taisho 14* I am deeply grateful for your New Year's greeting card. I am very happy to hear that you and your family are in good health. Thanks to your kindness, my son Tadato is in good health. He is now seven years old and in the prime of his life. His father has passed away, and my son has few relatives whom he can truly trust, so I humbly ask for your kind guidance in the future. I pray that you will take good care of yourself in this cold season. 阿部師が『小栗上野介正傅』を出版したのはこの2年後の1941昭和16年だから、当時の印刷・出版事情から考えてこの年賀状の頃阿部はまさに執筆中であったろう。その頃阿部師が書き綴っていた伝聞体の誹謗中傷文が創作であったことをこのハガキが実証している、と地元の歴史家は語っている。 Teizaburo Ichikawa's house also preserves a letter sent by Mataichi Oguri (Kikuko's husband) two years earlier, in August 1937 (Showa 12), from Hachijojima Island, where he was living at the time, as well as the letter below, in which Kikuko consults him regarding the evacuation. ◆1945昭和20年 第二次大戦中、小栗菊子夫人(又一の未亡人)は小学生の息子忠人、娘洋子(ともに忠順の曾孫)を連れて権田の村人を頼って疎開し、東善寺の門前に住んでいた。この疎開にあたって菊子夫人は地元の市川亭三郎(水沼河原の顕彰慰霊碑建碑責任者市川元吉は義父)に何度も手紙を送って、空襲下の汽車の切符入手の困難や家財の荷送りについての苦心を手紙で相談している。 ◆蜷川新が However, in contrast, Arata Ninagawa was asked by volunteers from Kurata and Ubuchi villages* to write an inscription for the memorial erected by Mizunuma River Bank in honor of Kozukenosuke Oguri, and he visited the village before and after the war to thank the people of Gonda for the hard work of escorting Mrs. Michiko to Aizu and for their activities to honor Oguri, leaving the words "I offer my respect to the people of Gonda." I would like to confirm this as well. (Note*: Gonda Village merged with Sannokura Village to form Kurata Village in 1889, which later merged with Ubuchi Village to form Kurabuchi Village in 1955, which is now a part of Takasaki City since 2006.) Arata Ninagawa made a hanging scroll with the following text. 阿部師は下記のように1939昭和14年に権田の東善寺を訪れている。 Abe visited Tozenji Temple in Gonda in 1939 (Showa 14). 東善寺に参詣した阿部師に「聾かね」となじられたこの時の東善寺19世住職駒形痴道(こまがたちどう・東善寺19世住職)師は、私(村上泰賢)の師村上照賢の師匠(血縁ではない)である。駒形師は昭和10年に利根郡桃野村の常恩院から転住してきて2年後の1937昭和12年5月に東善寺が類焼火災に遭い本堂庫裡を全焼した。その2年後の1939昭和14年正月に仮本堂兼庫裡の小さな仮住まいで阿部師の訪問を受けている。 It is said, "When one main hall is built for a temple, the priest's life span is shortened by 10 years." Since the fire, Komagata had been working on the reconstruction of the main building despite his illness, so when he received a sudden visit and was asked questions about Kozukenosuke Oguri, he was probably "distracted" from his work at heart. In September 1943 (Showa 18), four years after Abe's visit, Komagata was
able to finish the building of the main hall, but on the evening of the
dedication ceremony, he collapsed and died the following day. His disciple
Shoken Murakami rushed to the temple upon receiving the news, and after
completing the funeral service, he handed over the temple in Tone county
where he had been abbot to another monk, took his family, and entered Tozenji
Temple to take over the rebuilding project. He struggled with the rebuilding
project under the circumstances of shortage of funds during and after the
war, as well as difficulties in obtaining manpower, building materials,
and even tea leaves for the carpenters. Although it is not clear what "incoherent" means here, it does not give a good image about Gonda villagers. I doubt that Komagata, who was "lacking concentration," would have said this kind of thing. The villagers' activities in honor of Kozukenosuke Oguri began when they escorted Mrs. Michiko Oguri and her family to Aizu. Even after the Meiji period (1868-1912), the villagers continued to hold memorial services in honor of Oguri, and they continued to do so on the anniversary of his death without fail even during the period when Kurata Village was merged into Kurabuchi Village. Around the time when Komagata assumed the post of chief priest of Tozenji temple in 1935, Gonda villagers continued to do the following activities in honor of Kozukenosuke Oguri: - In 1932 (Showa 7), Motokichi Ichikawa, the former mayor of the village,
organized a committee to erect a cenotaph on the banks of the Mizunuma
River and they erected it. (In 1935, the monument was washed away by a flood and was found. Chido
Komagata became the priest of Tozenji Temple in the same yaer.) Abe also wrote that, on the bus ride to Gonda, a local soldier told him
the following: According to an old local resident, Abe was probably trying to say, "There
is no point in going to Tozenji Temple in Gonda, Gunma Prefecture and you
can just come to Fumon-in in Omiya, Saitama Prefecture," to improve
the relative image of Fumon-in, by creating such an unfounded negative
image of Gonda. |
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●その他の錯誤など Other errors, etc.
・●「大音は金貳拾五両を以て東善寺内に上野介主従の墓を建立…」P163 "Ryotaro Ohto erected the tombs of Kozukenosuke Oguri and his retainers in Tozenji Temple with money of 2.5 ryo..." (Page 163) 大音龍太郎(おおとりょうたろう)が建立したのではない。 史実では、原保太郎らが小栗忠順主従を殺害した後、やってきた巡察使大音龍太郎は江戸から権田へ運ばれたたくさんの家財を没収して高崎へ運び、飛脚問屋嶋屋(嶋屋がどこにあったか不明)で入札にかけ売り払って軍資金とした。 ・「(慶応四年閏四月)廿四日、小栗公の諸道具決所(闕所・欠所・・・財産などを没収)に相成、町内嶋屋にて入札有之候」(「柴田日記」) 大音はそのうち二十五両を「これで供養してやるように…」と名主の佐藤藤七に渡して去った。大音が供養墓を建てたのではない。強盗殺人で奪った金を気がとがめて少し残していったようなもので、もともと小栗家の財産である。村人はこの資金をもとに墓石を建立し、利息を毎年供養の祭典費とした。 明治18年に資金を預かっていた名主佐藤勘十郎家が破産したので資金もなくなり、東善寺の恵伯萬智住職が法要を営んできた。 「一、大音龍太郎の上州(小栗上野介)弔祀金二十五両をもたらし自ら権田村に来りてこれを東善寺に寄せたるは、閏四月十五日(一説に二十八日)なり。この二十五両は権田村名主佐藤藤七これを預かり、年々利子三両をもって四月六、七両日上州弔祭の法会を開きたり。明治十八年秋,藤七の子勘十郎破産したる後は、年々東善寺住職上州の法会を営む」(『上毛及上毛人』大正6年11月号)) 小栗主従の墓はこちら Ryotaro Ohto did not erect the tombs. According to history, Ryotaro Ohto, a patrolman who arrived after Yasutaro Hara and others killed Kozukenosuke Tadamasa Oguri and his followers, carried many household goods of the Oguri family, which had been brought from Edo to Gonda Village, to Takasaki and sold them through bidding at Shimaya, a wholesale shipping agent, to fund the army (It is unclear where Shimaya, the courier house, was located). Refer to the following Shibata Diary: "On June 14, 1868 (leap April 24 of Keio 4), Lord Oguri's various household goods were forfeited and sold at bidding at Shimaya in the town." (Shibata Diary) Ohto gave 25 ryo of the money to Toshichi Sato, the master of Gonda Village, and told him to "make a memorial service with it..." Ohto did not build the memorial tomb. The goods Ohto sold in the bidding were originally the property of the Oguri family, and Ohto simply left some of the money he had taken from them in a robbery and murder, because he felt guilty about it. The villagers erected tombstones with this money and used the interest to pay for annual memorial services every year. In 1885 (Meiji 18), the family of Kanjuro Sato, the master of the village at the time who had been entrusted with the funds, went bankrupt, so the funds ran out, and Manchi Ehaku, the priest of Tozenji Temple at the time, has been conducting the memorial services. Refer to the following "Jomo and Jomojin": "Ryotaro Ohto brought 25 ryo of the mourning money for Jyoshu (a nickname for Kozukenosuke Oguri) and personally came to Gonda Village and deposited it at Tozenji Temple on June 5, 1868 (leap April 15, Meiji 1 in Japanese calender... or leap April 28, according to one theory). The 25 ryo was entrusted to Toshichi Sato, the master of Gonda Village, who paid annual interest of three ryo and held a memorial service for Kozukenosuke Oguri on April 6 and 7. After Toshichi's son Kanjuro went bankrupt in the fall of 1878, the chief priests of Tozenji Temple conducted the memorial service for Oguri year after year." ("Jomo and Jomojin," November 1917 issue). Click here to see the graves of Oguri's retainers. |
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◇本書の価値は以上の錯誤を考慮しても低下するものではない。 ◇冒頭に書いたとおり薩長政府による「薩長史観」が強い戦前のあの時代に信念を持って小栗上野介顕彰に邁進した著者の情熱は本書に満ち、引用されたたくさんの関連書籍史料と共に、後学の小栗忠順研究者にとって貴重な光明となっている。 ◇しかし、これまで地元民は本書による故なき誹謗中傷に刊行以来70年間耐えてきたのも事実である。今回の復刻『小栗上野介正傳』に書いた「解説」で上記の指摘文を読んだ古老いわく「これではまだ生ぬるいです」とのこと。村人はそれくらい悔しい思いに耐えてきたことを付しておく。 (2013平成25年 文責村上泰賢) - The value of this book is not diminished by the above-mentioned errors. - As mentioned at the beginning of the book, the author's passion to honor Kozukenosuke Tadamasa Oguri with conviction in those prewar days when the Satcho government (a form of politics in the new government after the Meiji Restoration, in which cliques were formed mainly by people from Satsuma and Choshu) was still lingering is filled in this book, and together with many related books and historical materials cited in the book, it is a valuable light for later researchers on Kozukenosuke Oguri. - However, it is also true that local residents of Gonda Village have endured the unjustified slander of this book for the past 70 years since its publication. An old man who read the above remarks in the "Commentary" which I wrote in the reprint of "Oguri Kozukenosuke Seiden (The Authentic Biography of Kozukenosuke Oguri)" said, "This is still lukewarm." I would like to add that the villagers had to endure such frustration. (Written by Taiken Murakami in 2013 or Heisei 25) |
参考資料 Reference materials | |
普門院境内の 小栗上野介招魂碑 Kozukenosuke Oguri Invocation Monument in Fumon-in Temple precincts |
招魂碑の除幕式 昭和9年11月25日 秦慧昭禅師の御親香だった 「曹洞宗報 908号」昭和10年4月12日号より Unveiling ceremony of the invocation monument November 25, 1934 The ceremony was performed by Zen Master Esho Hata. From "Soto Shuho No. 908," April 12, 1935 (Showa 10) |
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関連ページ ■小栗父子及び家臣の墓の側に咲く名花・小栗椿 ■会津脱出の護衛が小栗顕彰のはじまり…護衛した村人 ■仁義併存碑 会津逃避行を護衛した村人・関係者の芳名録 ■小栗上野介・通説の誤り…明治政府が小栗上野介を逆賊扱いしてきた延長で、様々な通説が生まれた。 ◇首級盗掘を手伝った渡辺忠七の侵入ルート調査記(リンク)…「館林城の再建をめざす会」田中茂雄さんと住職の調査報告 ◆参考書…「館林市誌・歴史篇」(昭和44年)/「太政官日誌・慶応四年」 のほか、みやま文庫「小栗上野介」・「たつなみ」42号(平成29年) に、この首級盗掘のてんまつが詳しく書かれています。 |
Related Pages ■ Oguri camellia: The famous black camellia blooms every spring at the tombs of Oguri and his followers. ■ Escorting the exodus to Aizu was the Beginning of the honoring activities of Kozukenosuke Oguri: Gonda villagers escorted Mrs. Michiko Oguri and her family to Aizu. ■ Jingi-heison-hi Monument (Monument for the preservation of humanity and justice): A list of names of villagers and persons involved in escorting the Aizu escape ■ Errors in the common theories about Kozukenosuke Oguri: The extension of the Meiji government's treatment of Kozukenosuke Oguri as a renegade gave rise to various unfounded theories. ◇Investigation of the route of intrusion by Chushichi Watanabe, who assisted in the theft of Oguri's head (link)...Investigation report by Shigeo Tanaka of the "Association for the Rebuilding of Tatebayashi Castle" and the chief priest of Tozenji Temple ◆ Reference books: "Tatebayashi City Magazine, History" (1969 Showa 44) / "Dajokan Nisshi, Keio 4 (1868)" Also, Miyama Bunko's "Kozukenosuke Oguri" and "Tatsunami" No. 42 (2009, Heisei 29) have detailed descriptions of the circumstances surrounding the theft of the heads. |
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